SAFETY WORK: ELECTRICAL

Watch this video to have a short brief regarding safety work: electrical before we learn much more about K3/OSHA on this specific topic ↴

ELECTRICITY: is the flow of electrons through a conductor

Working with electricity can be dangerous. Engineers, electricians, and other professionals work with electricity directly, including working on overhead lines, cable harnesses, and circuit assemblies. Others, such as office workers and sales people, work with electricity indirectly and may also be exposed to electrical hazards. Electricity has long been recognized as a serious workplace hazard. OSHA's electrical standards are designed to protect employees exposed to dangers such as electric shock, electrocution, fires, and explosions.

Current/Voltage

⬇

Invisible

No smell

Does not ring

⬇

Can be felt

May cause DEATH

APPLICATION → K3

1. Identification of danger

Electrical installation and equipments

- Check

- Research

- Calculate

- Measure

- Test

- Analyze

Members of K3

    ↓

2. Assessing risk

3. Management

    ↓

      SAFE 

     DANGER

• PURPOSE OF K3 ELECTRICAL

1.Ensure the reliability of electrical installations according to their intended use.

2. Prevent the hazards due to electricity:

 - the dangers of direct touch

 - the dangers of indirect touch

 - fire hazard

• LAWS AND REGULATIONS

1. UNDANG UNDANG NO 1 TH 1970 KESELAMATAN KERJA (Regarding accident prevention)

Elements of workplace/environment:

1. There is a place of business in both economic/social
2. There is manpower
3. There is a source of danger

2. UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 Pasal 2 ayat (2)

Work safety takes place in workplace which it is:

raised, converted, collected, stored, distributed or has electricity flow, gas, oil or water

3. UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 Pasal 3 ayat (1)

With legal regulations thus they set the terms of work safety for:

prevent exposure to dangerous electrical flow

4. UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 Pasal 4 ayat (1)

With laws and regulations, safety requirements have been set in the planning, manufacture, transportation, distribution, trade, installation, use, maintenance and storage of materials, goods, technical products and production apparatus containing and may cause accident hazard.

5. UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 Pasal 5 ayat (1)

The director shall carry out the general implementation of this law, while the inspectors and safety officers are assigned to directly manage of compliance with this law and assist its implementation.

• REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL STANDARDS OF ELECTRICAL IN K3

→ UU No. 1 Th 1970 (Laws on Work Safety)

→ Permenaker No. 02/MEN/1989 (K3 Lightning)

→ Permenaker No. 03 /MEN/1999 ( K3 Lift)

→ SK Dirjen Binawas No. 407/BW/1999 (Technical Lift)

→ Permen 33/2015 about the changes in permen 12 2015

→ Permen 31/2015 about the changes permen 2/89

→ Permen 32/2015 about the changes permen 3/99

→ Permenaker No. 13/Men/2011 (physical factor and chemical factor)

→ Kep Dirjen 47 tahun 2015

→ Permen 12 tahun 2015 (about K3 electrical at workplace)

• SCOPE ENVIRONMENT

1. Plan, manufacture, installation or assembly, use or operate and maintenance of electrical installations.

2. Personnel responsibility in K3 electrical.

• ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

↳ Electric shock current

↳ Thermal effect (excess temperature)

↳ Electric and magnetic field effect

• THE IMPACT OF ELECTRIC FLOW IN HUMANS

Depends on:

- How large currents flow into the body.

- The affected part of the body.

- Length/duration of workers exposed to current

• ELECTRIC CURRENT IN HUMAN BODY CAN:

- Stop the heart from functioning and difficulties in breathing.

- The effect of heat can cause the skin or body to burn, especially at the point where the electric flow enters the body.

- Some cases can cause bleeding, or difficulty breathing and neurological disorders.

- Spontaneous movement due to exposure to electric current, may result in other injuries such as falling or exposed/tripped over other objects.

• PROTECTION FROM CURRENT SHOCK

Direct contact protection:

- Prevent the flow of current through the body

- Limiting the current that can flow through the body to a value smaller than the current shock

• CAUSES OF ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD

Direct Contact

Indirect Contact

DIRECT CONTACT

refers to a person coming into contact with a conductor which is live in normal circumstances.

• Protection method from direct contact hazard

- Isolation of active part

- Barrier or enclosure

- Resistance

- The distance is safe/out of reach

- Isolation of work floor

INDIRECT CONTACT

refers to a person coming into contact with an exposed-conductive-part which is not normally alive, but has become alive accidentally (due to insulation failure or some other cause).

• Protection method from indirect contact hazard

- Install grounding
Grounding is putting the body in direct and uninterrupted contact with the earth. This means that skin needs to touch soil, sand, water, or a conductive surface that is in contact with the earth.

- Protection from non conductive location

- Using equipment with double insulation
Double insulation is insulation that consists of both basic insulation and supplementary insulation.

- Install safety signs

• LIGHTNING

Lightning is a bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm. All thunderstorms produce lightning and are very dangerous. If you hear the sound of thunder, then you are in danger from lightning. Lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes or tornadoes; between 75 to 100 people.

LIGHTNING → CLOUD-TO-CLOUD → CLOUD-TO-GROUND → TARGET: HIGH LEVEL OBJECTS (DAMAGES IN THERMAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL)

- DANGERS OF LIGHTNING STRIKE

1. Direct strike

2. Indirect strike

- LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

Ref

1. Regulation of the Minister of Workforce No. Per 02 / Men / 1989
    about the installation of lightning conductors (31 2011)
    Applies to external protection system/direct lightning strike protection

2. SNI
    As a reference to internal protection system/direct lightning strike protection

- CONCEPTS OF PROTECTION WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES
1. Protection from direct lightning
By installing a lightning conductor on building
Installation type:
- The Franklin system
- Faraday's Cage System
- Electrostatic System

2. Protection from indirect lightning
By installing arrester

• LIFT

A lift is a device that moves up and down inside a tall building and carries people from one floor to another.

When dangerous thing happens and the passengers can do nothing, the aspects of reliability and safety of passengers are the basic factors in the consideration of the design of lift

- Laws and Regulations of K3 lift

1. Undang undang No 1 th 1970
2. Peraturan Menaker No Per. 03/Men/1999
3. KepDIRJEN No. : Kep 407/M/BW/1999
4. K3 lift conditions: UU 1/70 Bab II Psl 2 (2) – f
Workplace where:
f. "Carrying the transport of goods, animals, or humans, whether on land, through tunnels, on the surface of water, in water or in the air"
5. K3 lift terms: UU 1/70 (Bab III Psl 3 (1) - n
n. "Secure and facilitate the transport of persons, animals, plants or goods"
6. Control of K3 lift: PERMENAKER NO : PER 03/MEN/1999 → PERMENAKER NO : PER 31/MEN/2015

Considerations taken

The technical considerations of the stipulation of the K3 Lift Regulation (Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. Per 03/Men/1999) is that the lift is rated to have high potential hazards

Article 25

Managers who make, assemble, use lifts and technical or administrative changes should obtain permission from the Minister or designated officer

• STUDY CASE

1. April 7, 1973 – Ralph Redmond; Chrysler – Hamtramck Assembly Plant, 1 year 
2. seniority; Electrician (Apprentice) Electrical explosion and fire in electrical tunnel.
4. October 1, 1975 – Larry Fights; GE Springdale Aircraft Engine Plant; electrocuted 
5. July 1, 1976 – Philip Ziglar; Chrysler New Castle Machining; Pipe Fitter; Electrocuted by energized Ignition tube.
6. July 27, 1977 – Steve Repasy; GM-Danville Foundry; Pattern Maker 31 years seniority; Electrocuted by energized 440-volt damaged power supply cable.
7. August 9, 1977 – Dale Myers; Lindell Drop Forge; Electrician; Electrocuted when he completed live path to ground.
8. April 5, 1978 – Paul Caraway; 1 year seniority; GMAD Leeds; Electrician; Electrocuted when cutting through a live cable.
9. April 9, 1978 – Albert Kish; Ford-Woodhaven Stamping; Electrician; Electrocuted when working on energized equipment.
10. July 18, 1979 – E. Marcon; GM-Windsor Trim Palnt; Machine Repair; 14 years seniority; Electrocuted when he completed the circuit between two electrical connections.
11. July 27, 1979 – Charles Walters; Fiat Allis-Springfield Plant; Scrap Operator; Electrocuted when he touched an ungrounded protable electric welder.
12. May 9, 1980 – Victor Ellul; GM-Fisher Body Fleetwood; Bricklayer; 27 years seniority; Electrocuted when he provided electrical path between energized fence and building column.
13. June 20, 1980 – Donald Williams; Chrysler-Warren Stamping; 12 years seniority; Electrician; Electrocuted when working inside live control panel – Not locked out.
14. July 11, 1980 – Howard Londberg; GM-Spring and Bumper; 18 years seniority; Electrician; Electrocuted when working on live equipment – Not locked out.
15. January 14, 1981 – Morton Petri, GM-Detroit Diesel Allison; 3 years seniority; Machine Operator; Electrocuted when contacting live power rail and completing circuit. 

Whenever you work with power tools or on electrical circuits, there

is a risk of electrical hazards, especially electrical shock. Anyone

can be exposed to these hazards at home or at work. Workers are

exposed to more hazards because job sites can be cluttered with

tools and materials, fast-paced, and open to the weather. Risk is also

higher at work because many jobs involve electric power tools.

Electrical trades workers must pay special attention to electrical hazards

because they work on electrical circuits. Coming in contact with

an electrical voltage can cause current to flow through the body,

resulting in electrical shock and burns. Serious injury or even death

may occur. As a source of energy, electricity is used without much

thought about the hazards it can cause. Because electricity is a familiar

part of our lives, it often is not treated with enough caution. As a

result, an average of one worker is electrocuted on the job every day

of every year!